GRAMMAR 1. THE ALPHABET Aa, a as in "last" Bb, b as in "be" Cc, ts as in "wits" Ĉĉ, ch as in "church" Dd, d as in "do" Ee, e as in "nest" Ff, f as in "fly" Gg, g as in "gun" Ĝĝ, j as in "join" Hh, h as in "half" Ĥĥ, strongly aspirated h , "ch" in "loch" (scotch) Ii, i as in "marine" Jj, y as in "yoke" Ĵĵ, z as in "azure" Kk, k as in "key" Ll, l as in "line" Mm, m as in "make" Nn, n as in "now" Oo, o as in "not" Pp, p as in "pair" Rr, r as in "rare" Ss, s as in "see" Ŝŝ, sh as in "show" Tt, t as in "tea" Uu, u as in "bull" Ŭŭ, u as in "mount" (used in diphtongs) Vv, v as in "very" Zz, z as in "zeal" ...